Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop CS5 Icon
Photoshopcs5.jpg
Adobe Photoshop CS5 x64 running on Windows 7 x64
Developer(s) Adobe Systems
Stable release CS5 (12.0.1) / June 30, 2010; 7 months ago (2010-06-30)
Written in C++
Platform Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows
Available in 27 languages
Type Raster graphics editor
License Proprietary software
Website adobe.com/photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems.

Adobe's 2003 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS5 is the 12th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. There are two versions of Photoshop: Basic and Extended, with Extended having extra features available. Adobe Photoshop Extended is included in all of Adobe's Creative Suite offerings except Design Standard, which has the Basic version.

Contents

Development

Early history

In 1987, Thomas Knoll, a PhD student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother John Knoll, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended Thomas turn it into a fully-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program, which had been renamed ImagePro.[1] Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a "total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped" this way.[2]

During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988.[1] While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing program code. Photoshop 1.0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh exclusively.[3]

Features

Photoshop has ties with other Adobe software for media editing, animation, and authoring. The .PSD (Photoshop Document), Photoshop's native format, stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop. These include layers with masks, color spaces, ICC profiles, transparency, text, alpha channels and spot colors, clipping paths, and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e.g. .EPS or .GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality.

Photoshop's popularity means that the .PSD format is widely used, and it is supported to some extent by most competing software. The .PSD file format can be exported to and from Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere Pro, and After Effects, to make professional standard DVDs and provide non-linear editing and special effects services, such as backgrounds, textures, and so on, for television, film, and the Web. Photoshop is a pixel-based image editor, unlike programs such as Macromedia FreeHand (now defunct), Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape or CorelDraw, which are vector-based image editors.

Photoshop uses color models RGB, lab, CMYK, grayscale, binary bitmap, and duotone. Photoshop has the ability to read and write raster and vector image formats such as .EPS, .PNG, .GIF, .JPEG, and Adobe Fireworks.

CS3

Smart Layers display the filter without altering the original image (here on Mac OS X)

New features propagating productivity include streamlined interface, improved Camera Raw, better control over print options, enhanced PDF support, and better management with Adobe Bridge. Editing tools new to CS3 are the Clone Source palette and nondestructive Smart Filters, and other features such as the brightness and contrast adjustment and Vanishing Point module were enhanced. The Black and White adjustment option improves control over manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer. Compositing is assisted with Photoshop's new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools and improved image stitching technology.[4]

CS3 Extended contains all features of CS3 plus tools for editing and importing some 3D graphics file formats, enhancing video, and comprehensive image analysis tools, utilizing MATLAB integration and DICOM file support.[5]

CS4

Photoshop CS4 features a new 3D engine allowing painting directly on 3D models, wrapping 2D images around 3D shapes, converting gradient maps to 3D objects, adding depth to layers and text, getting print-quality output with the new ray-tracing rendering engine. It supports common 3D formats; the new Adjustment and Mask Panels; Content-aware scaling (seam carving[6]); Fluid Canvas Rotation and File display options.[7] On 30 April, Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended, which includes all the same features of Adobe Photoshop CS4 with the addition of capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D, and high end film and video users. The successor to Photoshop CS3, Photoshop CS4 is the first 64-bit Photoshop on consumer computers (only on Windows – the OS X version is still 32-bit only.)[8]

CS5

Photoshop CS5 was launched on April 12, 2010.[9] In a video posted on its official Facebook page, the development team revealed the new technologies under development, including three dimensional brushes and warping tools.[10]

A version of Adobe Photoshop CS5 Extended was used for a Prerelease Beta. A large group of selected Photoshop users were invited to beta test in mid-February 2010.

Version history

Adobe Photoshop CS
Adobe Photoshop CS2
Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended
Version Platform Codename Release date Significant changes
0.63 Macintosh October 1988
1.0 Macintosh February 1990
2.0 Macintosh Fast Eddy June 1991
  • Paths
  • CMYK Color
  • EPS Rasterization
2.5 Macintosh Merlin November 1992
  • 16 bit per channel support
Windows Brimstone
IRIX, Solaris November 1993
3.0 Macintosh Tiger Mountain September 1994
  • Tabbed Palettes
  • Layers
Windows, IRIX, Solaris [11] November 1994
4.0 Macintosh, Windows Big Electric Cat November 1996
  • Adjustment Layers
  • Actions (macros)
  • Multiple Undo (Amount set in preferences)
5.0 Macintosh, Windows Strange Cargo May 1998
  • Editable type (previously, type was rasterized as soon as it was added)
  • History Palette with History Brush (Enhanced undo)
  • Color Management
  • Magnetic Lasso
5.5 Macintosh, Windows Strange Cargo February 1999
  • Bundled with ImageReady
  • Save for Web
  • Extract
6.0 Macintosh, Windows Venus in Furs September 2000
  • Vector Shapes
  • Updated User Interface
  • "Liquify" filter
  • Layer styles/Blending Options dialog
7.0 Mac OS 'Classic'/Mac OS X, Windows Liquid Sky March 2002
  • Made text fully vector
  • Healing Brush
  • New painting engine
7.0.1 Mac OS 'Classic'/Mac OS X, Windows August 2002
  • Camera RAW 1.x (optional plugin)
CS (8.0) Mac OS X, Windows Dark Matter October 2003
  • Camera RAW 2.x
  • Highly modified "Slice Tool"
  • Shadow/Highlight command
  • Match Color command
  • Lens Blur filter
  • Smart Guides
  • Real-Time Histogram
  • Detection and refusal to print scanned images of various banknotes[12]
  • Macrovision copy protection based on Safecast DRM technology
  • Scripting support for JavaScript and other languages
  • Hierarchical layer groups
  • 16 bit per channel layers, painting, and adjustments
  • Support for files over 2 Gigabytes
  • Documents up to 300,000 pixels in either dimension
CS2 (9.0) Mac OS X, Windows 2000 / XP Space Monkey April 2005
  • Camera RAW 3.x
  • Smart Objects
  • Image Warp
  • Spot healing brush
  • Red-Eye tool
  • Lens Correction filter
  • Smart Sharpen
  • Smart Guides
  • Vanishing Point
  • Better memory management on 64-bit PowerPC G5 Macintosh machines running Mac OS X 10.4
  • High dynamic range imaging (HDRI) support (32 bit per channel floating point)
  • More smudging options, such as "Scattering"
  • Modified layer selection, such as ability to select more than one layer.
CS3, CS3 Extended (10.0) Universal Mac OS X, Windows XP SP2 or later Red Pill April 16, 2007
  • Native support for the Intel-based Macintosh platform and improved support for Windows Vista
  • Revised user interface
  • Feature additions to Adobe Camera RAW
  • Quick Select tool
  • Alterations to Curves, Vanishing Point, Channel Mixer, Brightness and Contrast, and the Print dialog
  • Black-and-white conversion adjustment
  • Auto Align and Auto Blend
  • Smart (non-destructive) Filters
  • Mobile device graphic optimization
  • Improvements to cloning and healing
  • More complete 32 bit / HDR support (layers, painting, more filters and adjustments)
  • Faster launching
CS4, CS4 Extended (11.0) Universal Mac OS X, Windows xp-sp2(sp3 recommended), Vista,7 Stonehenge October 15, 2008[13]
  • Smoother panning and zooming and fluid canvas rotation
  • OpenGL display acceleration in Photoshop
  • Native support for 64-bit on Windows Vista x64
  • Adjustments panel
  • Auto-blending of images
  • Masks panel
  • Improved Adobe Photoshop Lightroom workflow
  • Content-aware scaling
  • Better raw image processing
  • Extended depth of field
  • Dramatically enhanced color correction
  • Auto-alignment of layers
  • New file display options (tabbed document display and n-up views)
  • New file management and workspaces with Adobe Bridge CS4
CS5, CS5 Extended (12.0) Mac OS X v10, Windows XP-SP3,Vista,7 White Rabbit April 30, 2010[14]
  • Content Aware Fill
  • Puppet Warp Tool
  • 64 bit for Macintosh
  • Bristle Tips
  • Mixer Brush
  • Automatic Lens Correction
  • Improved Camera RAW processing
  • Camera RAW grain control
  • Improved Ray Tracing (Extended)
  • Repousse 3D extrusion tool (Extended)
  • Image based lights (Extended)

Release history

Version Platforms Code name Release date Notable features
1.0 Mac OS February 1990
  • Color correction with Balance, Hue, and Saturation
  • Image optimization for output
  • Curves
  • Levels
  • Clone tool
2.0 Mac OS Fast Eddy June 1991
  • Paths
  • Rasterizer for Adobe Illustrator files
  • Support for CMYK color
  • Duotones
  • Pen tool
2.5 Mac OS, Windows, IRIX and Solaris 1993
  • Palettes
  • Support for 16-bit files
3.0 Mac OS, Windows, IRIX and Solaris Tiger Mountain September 1994
  • Layers
  • Tabbed Palettes
5.0 Mac OS, Windows Strange Cargo May 1998
  • International Color Consortium (ICC)-based color workflows
  • Multiple Undo (History Palette)
  • Magnetic Lasso
  • Editable Type
5.5 Mac OS, Windows February 1999
  • ImageReady bundled with Photoshop
  • Save for Web
  • Extract
  • Image slicing and rollover effects
6.0 Mac OS, Windows Venus in Furs September 2000
  • Vector Shapes
  • Updated user interface
  • Liquify filter
  • Layer styles/Blending Options dialog
7.0 Mac OS, Windows Liquid Sky March 2002
  • Healing Brush
  • Made text fully vector
  • New painting engine
  • Photoshop file browser
CS (8.0) Mac OS, Windows Dark Matter October 2003
  • Shadow/Highlight command
  • Match Color command
  • Lens Blur filter
  • Real-Time Histogram
  • Highly modified Slice tool
  • Hierarchical Layer groups
CS2 (9.0) Mac OS, Windows Space Monkey April 2005
  • Adobe Bridge 1.0
  • Smart Objects
  • Image Warp
  • Spot Healing brush
  • Red-Eye tool
  • Lens Correction filter
  • Smart Sharpen
  • Vanishing Point
  • Smart Guides
  • HDR imaging support
CS3 (10.0) Mac OS, Windows Red Pill April 2007 Two versions: Basic and Extended

Basic:

  • Smart Filters
  • Native Intel Macintosh support
  • Quick Selection tool
  • Refine Edge tool
  • Automatic layer alignment and blending

Extended:

  • 3D visualization and texture editing
  • MATLAB integration
  • Measurement and counting tools
  • DICOM format support
  • Motion graphics and video layers
  • Movie Paint
  • Vanishing Point with 3D support
  • Image stack processing
Express Internet March 27, 2008
CS4 (11.0) Mac OS, Windows Stonehenge September 23, 2008 Two versions: Basic and Extended

Basic:

  • Adjustments panel
  • Masks panel
  • Smoother panning and zooming
  • Fluid canvas rotation
  • Common user interface
  • Content Aware Scaling

Extended:

  • Breakthrough 3D editing and compositing
  • Enhanced motion graphics
  • Volume Rendering
  • Easier data collection and analysis
CS5 (12.0) Mac OS, Windows White Rabbit May 25, 2010 (sale) Two versions: Basic and Extended

Basic:

  • Complex selections made easy
  • Content-Aware Fill
  • HDR Pro and HDR Toning
  • Puppet Warp
  • Mixer Brush and Bristle Tips

Extended:

  • Easy 3D extrusions with Adobe Repoussé
  • Quick shadow creation and image-based lights
  • Rich 3D materials library
  • Motion-based content editing
  • Image analysis and measurement

Language availabilities

Photoshop is available in the following languages:

Brazilian Portuguese, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish and Ukrainian.[15]

The Arabic, Greek, and Hebrew versions are available from Winsoft.[15]

Plugins

Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called Photoshop plugins which act like mini-editors that modify the image. The most common type are filter plugins that provide various image effects. They are located in the 'Filter' menu. Photoshop plugin API has become a standard, and many other image editors also support Photoshop Plugins.

Adobe Camera Raw (also known as ACR and Camera Raw) is a special plugin, supplied free by Adobe, used primarily to read and process raw image files so that the resultant images can be processed by Photoshop.[16] It is invoked by attempting to open such a file, rather than from the 'Filter' menu, but like other plugins is listed in the 'Help > About Plug-In' menu (as "Camera Raw"). It can also be opened via the Adobe Bridge by clicking on any image and selecting 'File > Open in Adobe Camera Raw'.

Cultural impact

Photoshop and derivatives such as Photoshopped, Shopped, and Shooped are sometimes used [17], but such derivatives are discouraged by Adobe [18] because they constitute abuse of Adobe's registered trademark.

Shooped is originally thought to have come from 4chan where it was used for 'shoop posts' and a common meme called "shoop da whoop". It has grown to mean any altering of a photo and has caused spin off websites to regularly use it such as 4chan; 'The Pit' section of the forums in Ultimate-guitar.com and sites such as shooped.org.

Image isolated and filtered using Photoshop

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Schewe, Jeff (2000). "Thomas & John Knoll". PhotoshopNews. http://www.photoshopnews.com/feature-stories/photoshop-profile-thomas-john-knoll-10/. Retrieved 2007-06-15. 
  2. Story, Derrick (2000-02-18). "From Darkroom to Desktop—How Photoshop Came to Light". Story Photography. http://www.storyphoto.com/multimedia/multimedia_photoshop.html. Retrieved 2007-06-15. 
  3. Hormby, John (2007-06-05). "How Adobe's Photoshop Was Born". Story Photography. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011051727/http://siliconuser.com/?q=node/10. Retrieved 2007-06-15. 
  4. "Adobe Photoshop CS3 Product overview" (PDF). Adobe official site. 2007. http://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshop/pdfs/photoshop_overview.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-17. 
  5. "Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended - Product overview" (PDF). Adobe Official site. 2007. http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshopextended/pdfs/photoshopex_datasheet.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-17. 
  6. Adobe uses graphics chip for faster Photoshop CS4 - Posted by Stephen Shankland (September 22, 2008) CNET News.
  7. features: digital filters, image editing - Adobe Photoshop CS4 Extended.
  8. PC World - Adobe 64-Bit Photoshop Struggle
  9. "Adobe Creative Suite 5 Launch". Adobe Systems Incorporated. http://cs5launch.adobe.com/. Retrieved 2010-03-24. 
  10. "Niet compatibele browser". Facebook. http://www.facebook.com/video. Retrieved 2010-05-29. 
  11. "1999: SUMMARY: Solaris-Adobe Products (a little long)". http://www.sunmanagers.org/archives/1999/0973.html. 
  12. "Photoshop and CDS". http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/cds.html. 
  13. "Adobe Creative Suite 4 Now Shipping". 2008-10-15. http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200810/101508AdobeCS4avail.html. Retrieved 2010-02-19. 
  14. "Adobe Ships Creative Suite 5". 2010-04-30. http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/201004/043010AdobeShipsCS5.html. Retrieved 2010-05-16. 
  15. 15.0 15.1 "language versions | Adobe Photoshop CS5". Adobe.com. http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshop/languages/. Retrieved 2010-05-29. 
  16. Digital camera raw file support
  17. Macworld Staff. "Photoshop through the Years". http://www.macworld.com/2000/08/bc/28photoshop/. 
  18. "PROPER USE OF THE PHOTOSHOP TRADEMARK". http://www.adobe.com/misc/trade.html#section-4. 

External links